Impacts of Keystone Holdings, LLCs Merger with Compagnie de Saint-Gob Assignment

Effects of Keystone Holdings, LLCs Merger with Compagnie de Saint-Gobain - Assignment Example The Keystone Holdings attempted to obtain the Advanced Ceramics Business of Saint-Gobain and in this manner take out the contender from the market for alumina wear tile. Government attempts to guarantee rivalry in the market and along these lines most extreme decision and least cost to the clients. My objective in this paper is to picture the effect of the obtaining on society and firms. Cornerstone is the holding organization of CoorsTek, Inc. (CoorsTek), which is a main specialized earthenware production maker, providing pottery based items for use in guard, clinical, car, semiconductor, and force age applications, among others. Cornerstone is headquartered in Golden, Colorado with offices in North America, Europe, and Asia. Cornerstone produces and sells alumina wear tile for use in high wear applications at its offices in Golden, Colorado. Holy person Gobain is a profoundly broadened, global organization, headquartered in Courbevoie, France. The Advanced Ceramics Business incorporates earthenware segments, for example, hot surface igniters, electro-clay parts for family apparatuses, artistic balls for superior direction, vehicle water siphon seals, extraordinary segments for the semiconductor business, agrarian splash spouts, and other thick alumina segments, for example, alumina wear tile. Holy person Gobain makes and sells alumina destroy tile of its Latrobe, Pennsylvania office. Oligopoly is a market association where there are just a couple of dealers of an item. So the activities of every dealer influence different merchants moreover. Mergers and acquisitions are mostly a piece of the oligopolistic advertise. The alumina wear tile advertise in North America can be considered as an oligopolistic showcase as there are not many firms in the business. As the alumina wear tile showcase is an oligopolistic advertise, any activity that the Advanced Ceramics Business takes affects different contenders like Keystone Holdings. Whenever Advanced Ceramics decreases the cost of their item, different players in the market are compelled to diminish their costs moreover.

Health Service Systems Week 6 Essays

Wellbeing Service Systems Week 6 Essays Wellbeing Service Systems Week 6 Essay Wellbeing Service Systems Week 6 Essay This paper dissects the techniques and suggestions to improve the budgetary presentation of Middlefield Hospital. The issue began when the (CFO) showed that the money related execution of the emergency clinic has been breaking down in the course of the most recent a half year. Medical clinics all through the world are working on limited financial plans. Along these lines operational directors must discover approaches to lessen cost and â€Å"manage efficiency over all regions and employment categories† (Langabeer, 2008, p.129). There are numerous components adding to this issue: The medical clinic is surpassing its spending plan, the new office across town has kept on cutting into Middlefield’s piece of the pie by conceding more patients, and the quantity of admissions to the emergency clinic is declining every month, while increasingly uninsured patients are looking for administrations at the office. The clinic needs to change its techniques so as to improve its general budgetary exhibition. These procedures include: spending on bookkeeping frameworks to reduce expenses, expanding the records receivable assortments, or expanding authenticity with partners and givers; improving effectiveness through expert organization; spending on publicizing to build incomes through expanded piece of the overall industry and premium costs; and balancing understanding consideration misfortunes with significant total compensation from sources not straightforwardly associated with tolerant consideration. In the wake of assembling with the Middlefield Hospital supervisory crew, we had the option to distinguish the center realities that my proposals were based on. Medicare is answerable for 37 percent of all network emergency clinic incomes, and repayment for capital costs establishes just around 7 percent of this income. Furthermore, the patient populace of Middlefield Hospital is included increasingly more Medicare, Medicaid, and uninsured patients and less patients have business protection. So as to expand the net gain the medical clinic ought to put resources into promoting. Besides, publicizing is probably going to yield noteworthy gains in Middlefield by pulling in productive patients. Consequently, the medical clinic ought to prepare to be shopped the same number of our current patients will be searching for other high-caliber, decently evaluated suppliers. To hold our patients and pull in new ones, the hospital’s prepared staff ought to be prepared for the topic of cost from enabled direct-pay patients. They additionally should be set up with a value list and an away from of what administrations are given in Middlefield. To expand the hospital’s quality improvement program, I prescribe that Middlefield connect with their patients routinely. This can be accomplished by following straightforward advances, for example, doling out a staff part to call chosen patients one month after their visit to perceive how they are getting along; print their timetable and hover who to call; put notes in the outline varying; pre-plan yearly tests and subsequent meet-ups for the on-going consideration; and to be proactive for patients the same number of won't make sure to call. This is particularly significant when individuals are paying for more consideration themselves. As per our reading material, reviews can be utilized as another device to gauge patient’s fulfillment with the clinic offered-care â€Å"Hospital overview was created and executed to intermittently quantify medical clinic care from the patient’s point of view. Results are proposed to assist emergency clinics with improving their exhibition in regions recognized as customer concerns†. My other proposal is converging into wellbeing programs. They are accessible in numerous structures relying upon what the network needs. Such preventive projects can be recognized by requesting input from the hospital’s network, doctors and other human services suppliers. Wellbeing projects may incorporate wellbeing hazard evaluations, practice advancement, finding explicit illness the executives, nourishment, weight reduction, body mechanics, yoga, child rearing and stress the board. Due to the opposition with a close by clinic, health projects can be tweaked to meet explicit network or boss prerequisites. The medical clinic may likewise band together with bigger associations, for example, the American Heart Association or the American Cancer Society to draw in new patients to look for administrations at Middlefield. Accentuation on the planned constructive outcomes of oversaw care is crucial at this phase of improving the emergency clinics budgetary execution. By having a solitary purpose of human services the executives, we accept efficiencies are expanded and viability of care conveyance is guaranteed to the advantage of the secured supporters. Middlefield ought to receive a significant level of scholarly assets that in a perfect world work to control costs and creatively distribute social insurance administrations. To help lessen the expense of the employee’s wellbeing plan, Middlefield can offer money related impetuses to its representatives by giving financially savvy care, empowering positive results, and allowing the workers to engage in preventive projects so they will have a more beneficial way of life. Middlefield emergency clinic can fabricate another notoriety by embracing new creative administrations, concentrating on three amazing interests: quiet wellbeing, representative fulfillment, and money related wellbeing and spotlight on their strategic quality consideration at a reasonable rate. Barton, Phoebe Lindsey (2009). Understanding the US Health Services System, fourth Edition. Building Low-Cost, High-Quality Health Care Regions in America ihi. organization/IHI/Programs/StrategicInitiatives/HowWillWeDoThat. htm Human Resources and Community Development cbo. gov/ftpdocs/107xx/doc10753/1983_05_06_hospital. pdf Langabeer, J. R. (2008). Human services activities the executives: A quantitative way to deal with business and calculated.

Cell phones Essay Example for Free

Mobile phones Essay Inconveniences accompany the discovery of innovation and this is particularly obvious with mobile phones. It is very hard to envision how much change in correspondences happened in only the previous decade. I recall very well I procured my first PDA: it was what they call a simple (Frieden, 2007). It was expensive that time in spite of the fact that it was a recycled one that a companion offered to me. It felt light and smooth around then however by today’s standard, it is as overwhelming and massive as the standard telephone collector. Today, it appears that the main individuals who are not utilizing these smaller than expected telephones are newborn children. What's more, that is in any event, narrowing. There are a few examples that show both the assistance and comfort, and disturbance that this device brings. It is extremely utilitarian; one can utilize it as a spotlight particularly during shows. One can likewise utilize it as mirror on the off chance that the woman overlooks one and she needs to floss her teeth. How? Take a decent preview of your toothy grin or make a video shoot of your smile. There a thousand and one employments of this correspondence instrument. Some alleged sex embarrassments were disgustingly recorded by people who have no extremely commendable interests with which they can pour forward their vast energies. Additionally, crooks have created awesome methods so as to drain cash from individuals. One such case is a previous understudy. There was this snatcher who was extremely shrewd about the phone he took. He didn't discard the simcard. Rather he began to send SMS to individuals in the telephone directory/contacts and requested that they foot this specific bill; the wireless happens to have a program that permits the leader of the family to make a few conclusions or send cash to a planned individual/people. More than five reacted emphatically and the snatcher-con-double crosser had figured out how to drain cash in considerable sums from the owner’s companions and family members. Then again a large number of a cell phone’s extra capacities remember (on account of understudies) the amassing of various stances from the cell phone’s camera, for mementos; a brief MTV creation short the costs; access to the web and TV programs among others. With these accommodations are bunches likewise of issues. Have you heard for example newfound imperatives? Have you likewise knew about fingernail â€Å"stubs,† whose leisure activity is basically needing to assuage themselves of their unending fatigue. What about the presence of indistinguishability between the proprietor and the device? Not just that, a considerable lot of the individuals who invest energy with their mobile phones have begun to ignore the impacts of the interruption that their pre-occupation with the instrument brings. Reference: 1. Frieden, Robert. Broadcast communications. Microsoftâ ® Encartaâ ® 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2006.

An Actionable Tutorial on Accuplacer Essay Topics Examples in an Easy to Follow Manner

An Actionable Tutorial on Accuplacer Essay Topics Examples in an Easy to Follow Manner You are going to receive unique texts, which will be finished in time. You will shortly locate the official data about us. There exists a wide array of agencies that are very similar to ours. Along with understanding the intricacies of the English language, you've got to know what things to write to convey precisely what you mean. To help in achieving organization, it's most effective to quickly make an outline for your essay. Writing of the descriptive essay can be rather challenging. It always includes creative writing, even if the topic seems to be dull and boring at first glance. Descriptive essays could possibly be difficult if you don't have any clue what to write about. We don't suggest any website that charges for review. Our website is just one of the most appropriate for essay help. You can trust the ideal essay help online. If you're in search of the topic that would be well worth exploring, look closely at the little prompts presented for you in this informative article. This has been shown to be an extremely powerful and quick approach to aid with a writing assignment and find the business done properly. They may require that you work a small bit harder, but you should be sure your work will be entirely rewarded by the interest of readers enjoying reading your essay. Writing and writing well is among the cornerstones of learning. About This Course The lessons within this course are intended to help you enhance and polish your writing skills. Attempt to conclude with an illustration of the way the failure improved the direction you deal with similar situations now. Write about a problem you have or would like to fix. For this circumstance, in the event you made a bad choice, focus along the way you would change it. On the flip side, in the event you made a great choice, focus on what influenced you to make that decision and the way it has changed you. There's no time limit on the tests, so it's possible to concentrate on doing your very best to demonstrate your abilities. This sort of the essay is about sharing your own experience, however, it isn't a simple task what things to write about to find success. We know the worth of time. Sample tests are like the actual thing, so you're going to know beforehand what your experience will be like on test day. Bear in mind, if you're late for your session that you'll need to reschedule. There are a lot of ways it is possible to get ready for the test. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. You may also get several discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. There are a lot of reasons why you ought to prefer our services. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, and make sure you are getting the very best service our business can deliver. Anyway, you'll certainly like our price policy. If you're planning on going to school out of state, the office needs to be in a position to assist you locate a neighborhood college or university at which you are able to choose the exam. Based on your placement results, your advisor will allow you to see which classes are readily available with you, and choose the Pathway for your favorite area of study. It is a good idea to look for the one which has an excellent reputation and offers high-quality papers at very affordable prices. The counseling and advisory office at the local college or univ ersity will be in a position to supply you with dates, times, whether a fee applies, and other relevant details. Different essay types need various questions. Colleges can tell whenever your essay is only a form essay. Inside this essay, attempt to remain positive. Inside this essay, don't be scared to find vulnerable and be specific.

American Outsourcing Case Analysis - 2075 Words

Case Summary The American Outsourcing Case is a compilation of factual information for the purpose of provoking debates. The authors present both the pros and cons of outsourcing, and avoid inserting their personal bias. The case clearly defines outsourcing and then focuses on outlining its existence in China, Mexico, and India. The evolution and U.S. involvement in the Maquiladoras of Mexico is described first. The implementation of NAFTA and the creation of Maquiladoras were major catalysts in the growth of free trade between the U.S. and Mexico. China, in an attempt to attract foreign investors, created Special Economic Areas, which designated geographic zones that were enabled to operate under their own laws. With great tax benefits†¦show more content†¦Some companies might be deterred from outsourcing here, since the Mexican government has some strict regulations. â€Å"They require paid vacation premium, eight paid holidays each year, medical care coverage, employee training, Mexi can social security, overtime, premiums, Christmas bonus of 15 days salary, and profit sharing of 10 percent of total profits† (Schniederjans). Mexico is also notorious for economic volatility and instability. Their dependence on the U.S. economy is unhealthy, they often experience our negative economic fluctuations to a magnified degree. Lots of companies prefer to invest their money in countries that offer a little more stable. â€Å"Today, Indian outsourcing is one of the best ways for CIOs to cut application development and maintenance costs, and deal effectively with the peaks and valleys of software demands.† (Yeo). Outsourcing to India is still focused primarily on highly technological aspects, but is not limited there. They are known for creative development in the pharmaceutical field, and have recently developed an unsurpassed medication for adult ADHD. Their superior IT assistance is not limited to companies, they offer many websites for individuals seeking help with programming. In mid 2007, U.S. outsourcing to India reached $4.9 billion. Although technologically advanced, they still lag in economic prosperity and therefore still don’t expect the type of compensation that Americans do. â€Å"TheyShow MoreRelatedOutsourcing For A Human Resource Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pagesthe aforementioned citation, it presents an intuitive frame of reference into the principal purpose of this module one case assignment. As this case assignment will be composed of an essay that will initially specify whether or not, I as a student of this course oppose or favor outsourcing jobs overseas. 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Intertwined Works Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and...

Written in 1949 the play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller takes the reader to the post war era in America. Here, Miller tells the story of the Lomans. Willy Loman is a sixty-year old traveling salesman. He has worked for thirty-five years to get his salary cut and put on commission, but he chooses to keep his low wage job, even though his neighbor Charley offered him a salary job. Willy suffers from self-inflicted hallucinations about his eldest son Biff Loman and his elder brother Ben, which ultimately leads to his death. Biff Loman is the eldest of the two sons. Biff is thirty-four years old, and he doesn’t have a job. Biff was the star player on his high school football team, but due to flunking his football dreams vanished before†¦show more content†¦Jane is a cheerleader at her high school, and the viewer meets her best friend Angela Hayes. Jane is seen as Angela’s follower, but as soon as she meets Ricky Fitts she breaks free of Angela. Angela is a ve ry narcissistic person. She fears being ordinary and forgettable, which is ironic because that is what Jane calls her at the end of the movie. The works of literature Death of a Salesman and â€Å"American Beauty† are intertwined because the protagonist in each work are contraries. Willy Loman and Lester Burnham are inverses because Willy has regrets and bases his success on his job, while Lester has dreams and bases his success on happiness. Having Willy base his success off of his job was a weakness because he became obsessed with money. Willy saw that the only way to be successful was by becoming rich, which is probably why Ben saying â€Å"When I walked out of the jungle I was 21. And, by God I was rich† (49) haunted him. Willy shows that he is not happy with his lack of income even though he has a family, wife, and his mortgage is almost paid off. Having Willy see his regrets through flashbacks is a strength because the reader can see he has remorse for his action s. For instance, when Willy met Bernard at Charley’s office, he saw how well he was doing in his job, but the fact that Charley â€Å"†¦never told him what to do†¦You never took any interest in him† bothered him because he knew he took too much interest in his son Biff

Marketing Plan for Leather Bags in UK - Get Solution

Question: Describe about the Marketing Plan For Leather Bags In UK? Answer: Abstract The report focuses on the marketing plan for the tote leather handbag which is being introduced by Bohlux which is a medium scale leather producing company of USA. The company proposes to introduce the product in UK and the major target market consists of high income group of female customers. The report highlights the fact that the company will be able to successfully operate in UK and since the sales trend for leather goods are growing positive hence the company will be able to make profit out of sales of the product. Finally the report shows that for entering the UK market, Bohlux will use pull marketing strategy and opt for Facebook marketing and promotion. Does The Intricacy of The Topic Intimidate You? Tame Your Fear with Unmatched Assignment Help Services from Professional Writers. 1. Introduction According to Alaoui, Ezzine and Azzi (2012) advent of social media has helped the marketers to successfully market the products within different segment of target market with least amount of promotional expenses. UK accounts for strong history of leather processing and leather manufacturing. However the industry began to contract during 1980 when majority of the leather producing companies shifted their production to the eastern countries like Africa and Asia. The report will focus on marketing plan for the launch of new leather handbag by Bohlux. The assignment primarily deals with the marketing of the leather handbags in UK through social media marketing tools. East, Wright and Vanhuele (2013) stated that due to high rate of import of cheap leather goods from the eastern countries, the demand for the local high-class leather goods of UK has been decreasing lately. Thus, the report will focus on analyzing the feasibility of the UK market with regards to launch of the new leather handbag. The report will finally focus on using Face book as the major marketing tool for the promotion of the leather handbags in UK. 2. Product Analysis The marketing plan will focus on introduction of female leather handbags and clutches by a medium-scale leather good producing company namely Bohlux. The company focuses on combining innovation with ethnicity and style. Bohlux is primarily a USA based leather workshop which aims in providing stylish and luxuriously designed handbags for the female population suiting the needs of the exquisite lifestyle of the female customers (Bohlux.com 2015). Majority of the products of Bohlux includes clutches, sling shoulder bags, tote handbags, satchels, cross body and Messenger bags. The company has been able to successfully make its mark within the fashion industry of US with the stylish handbags that provides the customers with the feel of Italian and French style quotient. Bohlux, has shifted its focus on introducing the range of leather handbags with British ethnicity in UK. The new range of tote handbags that will be launched with the help of the Facebook marketing in UK will be named as Smartways Leather Bags. Beldona, Lin and Yoo (2012) unlike the USA customer segment, who prefers small to medium sized purse and clutches, female population of UK generally prefers stylish and dignified look and hence they prefer using traditional and large-sized Tote handbags. The company has selected the name Smartways Leather Bag in order to promote the smart, urban and classy style incorporated with the handbags. The company will use Cowhide leather which is the best quality leather for production of the new range of Tote handbags. 3. Macro environment analysis Bohlux has selected UK for the country expansion strategy for sale of its new range of Tote handbags. Assessment of UK leather industry in context to the demand of leather products shows presence of two favorable factors namely high demand of Leather goods irrespective of the income of the consumers and high availability of best quality hides and skins for production of leather goods (Mullen Johnson, 2013). The PESTEL analysis conducted on the business operational facilities in UK will help in understanding the feasibility of UK as a new country for expansion. P- political factors Trading relations with UK is highly favorable due to the low level of political, economic and financial risk within the country. Further, Baker (2014) added that UK government discourages any monopoly in any particular trading sector and promotes free and fair competition Moreover majority of the large scale leather producing companies of UK are engaged in trading relations with Asian countries thus the export and import duties for the leather goods are low (Solomon,Russell-Bennett Previte 2012). E- Economic factors The economic analysis of UK non-food retail market shows that the overall retail market is expected to increase by 15% within the next 5 years (Johnson et al. 2013). As per the reports of The Guardian, the demand for the luxury products in UK was stagnant even during the recession period which proves to be beneficial for the sale of the luxury goods like Handbags. Around 3.5% of minimum wage of an individual in UK is spent for the purchase of luxury items like garments, accessories and Handbags (Paul et al. 2013). S- social factors Around 50% of the UK customers spend one-third part of their monthly income for purchase of luxury products in order to maintain the high social status (the Guardian 2002). UK is considered as one of the biggest fashion hub where demands for stylish and ethnic products are always high irrespective of the economic condition of the country. As per the 2011, census report, the total population of UK is 63.2 million out of which 32.2 million consists of female population and thus the demand for the female luxury products like bags, accessories and fashion equipments are high compared to the male accessories in UK (Ons.gov.uk 2015). T- technological factors Technologically UK has been one of the developing nations and the governments high level of encouragement to the different entrepreneurs is helping UK in developing the innovation level in different sectors. UK also accounts for the large volumes of Cow hides and skins that help in production of relevant leather goods for some of the branded leather manufacturing companies of UK (Chaffey, Ellis-Chadwick Chaffey 2012). L- legal factors The leather industry in UK is regulated by the norms under the UK leather Safety and Guidance regulations that provides the different terms for managing moral and legal terms during the production of leather goods in different companies of UK. The leather footwear companies operating in UK are required to obtain legal workplace permits from the UK government before commencing production of leather goods (W-Fowler, 2015). E- environmental factors The leather companies operating in UK are also required to abide by the following environmental directives in relation to manufacturing and production of raw hide and skin for production of leather goods: Water Framework Directive Solvent Emissions directive Norms of Tanneries BREF Registration, authorization and evaluation of Chemicals Regulation (Ons.gov.uk, 2015) Further, Bastien and Kapferer (2013) added that the tanneries are also required to abide by the norms of Integrated Pollution, prevention and Control (IPPC) Regime for reducing environmental pollution generated from the manufacturing and production of leather goods. 4. Situational analysis 4.1 Overview of leather goods industry of UK The luggage and bags market of UK accounts for around 10.6% of the total leather goods market of UK and is forecasted to increase by around 2 billion within 2017 (Chiew, 2015). The luggage and leather goods market includes different leather products like bags, wallets, purses, handbags, suitcases, travel bags and briefcases. However, as per the reports of Euromonitor, the luggage market of UK has experienced poor growth in the recent years and the market declined by -1.5% to -0.8% from 2011 to 2012 (Euromonitor.com, 2015). However, the unprecedented growth of the luxury sector of UK confirms the fact that the luggage and leather goods industry of UK is also expected to grow in the recent years. The following table shows the market segmentation for luggage and leather goods in UK. category 2015 ( billion) Percentage (%) Luggage 1.1 61.5% Bags, wallets and purses 0.8 38.5% Total 1.9 100 % Table 1: Market segmentation for luggage and leather goods in UK (Source: Store.mintel.com, 2015) Figure 1: Market segmentation for luggage and leather goods in UK (Source: Store.mintel.com, 2015) The following table shows the forecasted growth rate of the leather goods industry from 2012 to 2017 to highlight the estimated trend of leather goods sales in UK. Table 2: Forecasted growth rate of the leather goods industry from 2012 to 2017 (Source: Armstrong, 2015) Figure 2: Forecasted growth rate of the leather goods industry from 2012 to 2017 (Source: Armstrong, 2015) Gonca Telli Yamamoto (2012) stated that for a new entrant within the leather industry of UK, stiff competition may be faced from the large scale department stores, retailers and specialized clothing and accessories centers. The leather market of UK are dominated by the international and domestic companies like Zara, Louis Vitton, Marks and Spencer, Hermes, Prada, Coach and LVMH. However, in terms of employment, it can be stated that lack of labors skilled in embroidery and ethnic works makes it difficult for all the domestic UK companies to produce innovative leather products. The reputation of leather industry in UK also depends on the presence of high technological innovations for the leather production and presence of Institute of Creative Leather Technologies (ICLT) at University of Northhampton 4.2 STP analysis for leather handbags The assessment of the STO analysis for the target customers of UK will help Bohlux in promoting and launching the new Tote Handbags in UK. Segmentation According to Jung Choo et al. (2012) segmentation strategy includes segmenting the total population based on gender, age, and income and purchase behavior. In case of Smartways leather bags, the following characteristics will be chosen for segmenting the overall UK population. Since the luggage and leather bag demand have decreased in the past years hence the company will have to initially focus on the high-income segment of total population. As per gender segment, the company will include only target the female customers since the product is tote handbag. However, Hooley, Piercy and Nicoulaud (2012) stated that selection of a particulars section from among the overall target segment helps in focusing on aggressive marketing for the product. Thus the target segment of Smartways Leather bags will include the female corporate professional, business entrepreneurs, models and actors and housewives of high-end professionals. Targeting Bohlux will target majorly the female population within the age range of 25 to 45 years for the Smartways leather Handbags. Smartways will be designed as Tote handbags with broad and small straps that will allow the user to carry the bag as a hanging hand bag. The size of the bag will vary from large to medium and which will give the female population spacious opportunity of storing various important objects (Westwood 2013). Target segment characteristics Age group 25 to 45 years Income segment High income class and urban population Corporate professionals and wives of high-business class individuals Gender Only female customers Purchasing characteristics Highly fashion conscious High demand due to professional needs The company has focused on making different colors for the bags in order to attract the younger generation of female population in UK Positioning The product will be promoted based on the online strategy platforms. Bohlux has focused on making tote a part of the luxury handbag segment by differentiating on the basis of heritage, craftsmanship, unique design and high price. Gorp Hoffmann Coste-Manire (2012) stated that majority of the common female population takes fashion aspirations from the celebrities. Thus, Bohlux will focus on positioning the Smartways leather bags under category of fashionable accessories. In terms of targeting the overall female population of UK, Bohlux will use niche promotional strategies that will target only the high-class female population whose income level is above the average monthly income. Selection of the high income segment will help the company to sale the product in UK, since the customers in UK are highly afflicted towards the luxury product group irrespective of their income level. 4.3 SWOT analysis of leather handbags Strength Bohlux is a medium scale company and the designer bags offered by Bohlux generally is styled differently than the European bags. The company uses own handbag patterns and uses best quality cow hides and skins for the purpose of bag production(Hooley, Piercy Nicoulaud, 2012). The company also produces customized tailored handbags for high- priced handbag Bohlux provides the option of online product delivery along with physical product delivery which gives the company the opportunity of catering to the needs of a large customer segment. Weaknesses Sale of the luxury leather handbag is reducing due to reduction in demand for luxury products (Stefan et al. 2012) Bohlux faces high competition from the international brands like Coach, Louis Vitton and Prada. Production of leather handbags requires large amounts of cow hides which are unavailable in USA. Opportunities Bohux is operating primarily in USA where the numbers of brand conscious customers are high. Thus, Shankar and Carpenter (2012) stated that expansion to Asian countries and UK will help Bohlux to make successful expansion. The company can introduce low and medium priced handbags for the common income group customers in UK in order to trigger demands. Threats Economic recession may threaten the existence of the overall demand of leather handbags in different countries since leather handbags are considered to be luxury product. Fluctuations in the taste and preference of the customers will also affect the demand for leather handbags (Lamb, Hair McDaniel, 2013). Threat of reduction in demand due to availability of large number of substitute bags at low costs. 4.4 Sales forecast Bohlux plans on using social media marketing for introducing Smartways leather bags in UK market. The company will take the help of Facebook which is used by around 31.2 million UK populations and will promote the new category of Tote handbags through the online marketing startegy of Facebook (Statista, 2015). As per the reports of Mintel, 50% of the female shoppers in UK generally considers leather handbag as a lucrative product and occasionally purchases the bag without any valid purchase intention. Thus the occasional luxury purchases have helped the handbag industry to grow by 9.3% with a sales turnover of around 1.3 billion in 2014 (Store.mintel.com, 2015). Depending on the purchase behavior and the growing trend of the handbag market of UK, Bohlux has estimated the following sales trend for Smartways leather bags for the next six months: Months Quantity Rate/ price () Total () 1st month 1000 21.80 21800 2nd month 1100 26.80 29480 3rd month 1200 31.80 38160 4th month 1300 36.80 47840 5th month 1400 41.80 58520 6th month 1500 46.80 70200 Table 3: Sales forecast of Smartways leather bags for first 6 months (Source: created by author) Figure 3: Sales forecast of Smartways leather bags for first 6 months (Source : Created by author) The table shows that the management of Bohlux will launch 1000 leather handbags initially through Facebook marketing and the company is expecting to increase the quantity by 100 handbags every month with an average sale of 1500 handbags within first 6 months from the launch of the product. The initial rate of the handbag will be fixed at minimum price of 21.80 and the company will increase 5 every month depending on the demand and acceptance of Smartways leather handbags in UK market. 5. Marketing plan of leather handbag on Facebook Hooley, Piercy and Nicoulaud (2012) opined that usage of social media platforms as marketing channels currently has helped the majority of the medium scale companies to reduce the operational costs involving high promotional, advertisement and selling costs. As per 2015 survey reports, Facebook currently has over 1 billion users globally in around six continents and 100 countries (Doughty, 2015). As per the 2015 reports, 31 million users in UK are using Facebook and frames around 60% of their purchase decision based on Facebook product promotion. The percentage of women population (51%) using Facebook is considerably higher than the male population (49%) thus; in case of marketing female products the companies will be successful in catering to a large segment of female population. It has been estimated that the number of Facebook users in UK will increase to 33 million within 2018. Thus considering the high relevance of facebook and the influence of Facebook on triggering purchase de cisions of majority of the customers, the company can successfully promote its product. Figure 4: Facebook users in UK (Source: Statista 2015) 5.1 Identification of Facebook marketing strategy 42% of the marketers feel that Facebook is highly important for their business since the number of Facebook users and the frequency of Facebook use is increasing currently. Thus, Shankar and Carpenter (2012) stated that adoption of Facebook marketing strategies will help in creating more in-depth awareness about the product in the mind of the customers. According to Lamb, Hair and McDaniel (2013) push and pull marketing strategies are the two opposite marketing strategies that aim to attract the customers to the product and also generate awareness about the product within the relevant target segment. In case of Smartways Leather bags, Bohlux will use the social pull marketing strategies to attract the customers towards the product. Sevitz, Brent and Fourie (2012) stated that the social pull marketing strategy is a combination of both push and pull marketing strategies and helps in successfully attracting the customers towards the products with the help of social media promotion. Marketers get the options of providing information about the product to all segments of customers through the official facebook page and pull attraction of the customers towards the product. According to Phau, Lee and Quintal (2013) pull marketing is a form of inbound marketing where the marketer aims to pull the consumer into business. Bohlux will use the social pull marketing to attract the high class female population of UK for Smartways leather bags. Assessment of purchase behavior of the female population in terms of leather bags and luxury bags shows the following characteristics: Purchase decision depending on social status and high price consciousness for the leather bags Preference to brands with ethical and sustainable practices 37% of the female population makes online purchase in case of accessories, leather bags and luxury bags High preference for designs that combines ethnicity with style Purchase intention depending on word-of-mouth marketing and social promotions (East,Wright Vanhuele 2013) Depending on the purchase behavior of the UK customers, the pull strategy of Bohlux for Smartways leather bags will focus on following strategies: The company will adopt an ethical strategy by engaging the product sale with ethical donations to NGOs Bohlux will introduce Smartways Leather Bags through different online selling portals like Amazon and eBay. This will help in generating high online sales for Smartways Leather Bags. Bohlux will be required to keep the Facebook page active so that the number of visitors increases thereby increasing the product and company awareness in UK. The major aim of the pull marketing strategy is to bring the customer to the product rather than going to the customer with product and forcing the customer to purchase the product (Baker 2014). Thus, Bohlux will use search engine optimization, coupon-advertisements, flyers and personalized emails for making the customers aware of Bohlux and its existing as well as new product range. Mitic and Kapoulas (2012) opined that the number of shares and likes over the Facebook page will help an organization to forecast the level of demand for the product. Bohlux is a medium scale brand which does not feature as an immediate finding on the search engine among the different USA brands. Thus, Bohlux in order to pull the UK customers will have to improve the search engine optimization rate by including relevant searching keywords like leather bags, Bohlux Leather bags, Bohlux handbags, Popular handbag, USA, Bohlux and Tote handbags- Bohlux. Further, Bohlux currently has a very simple Facebook page that generally highlights some of the products of Bohlux without any relevant information about any product. However, in order to pull UK customers to make purchase decision regarding Bohlux products, the company will have to enhance the visual look and the content of the official Facebook page. Bohlux should include high quality digital pictures of the new range of leather bags and new Smartways Leather bags with some important information like price of the bags, bag-size and information on discounts, coupons and online purchase links. Further, Bohlux should also include pop-up advertisements in profiles of all face book users irrespective of the target groups. The pop-up ad at the side of the user profile help the company to promote its product conituonusly for a long time span and generates top-of-the mind awareness for products(Pride Ferrell 2012). Further, Bohlux can also introduce different discussion links and discussion chain on Smartways leather and invite the friends present within the Facebook profile to contribute their thoughts about the new product range. This will generate product awareness and word-of mouth promotion of the new range of leather bags within the UK target population. Pearson(2013) stated that celebrity endorsements have always influenced female customers in taking purchase decision without any relevant purchase intention. Thus, depending on this factor, Bohlux can also post different videos of celebrities and models advertising and promoting the Smartways leather bags on their faceboo k page. This strategy will help Bohlux in influencing the high-income group of female customers to purchase Smartways bags in order to enhance their social status. 5.2 Evaluation for selection of alternative marketing strategy According to Bastien and Kapferer (2013) major difference between push and pull strategy is that in pull marketing the company will get independent customers who will willingly purchase the product of the company, however in case of push strategy the company will force the customers to purchase the products. Thus, companies using the pull marketing strategy generally benefit more because the willful customers tend to be loyal ad long-term customers of the company. Mullen and Johnson(2013) argued that in case of push marketing strategy the company will use different promotional strategies like inclusion of discounts, coupons, gifts, warranties and guarantees and additional after sales services for marketing the product and making the product attractive for the customers. In case of push marketing thus, the customer may change the purchase preference with the change in the fashion trends. Hence, Phau, Lee and Quintal (2013) stated that push marketing does not generate long-term loyal c ustomers for the company. In case of Smartways leather bags, Bohlux will use the pull marketing since the company is entering a new market and hence the company requires loyal customers for its product in UK. On the contrary if Bohlux uses the push marketing strategy for online promotion of its new handbag, it will not be able to succeed in the long run due to the presence of large number of competitors dominating the luxury bag industry of UK. Further, use of the push marking strategy will involve aggressive online promotion of leather bags and forcing the UK customers to like the page of Facebook. Application of the push strategy might help Bohlux in securing large number of views and likes for the facebook page and the products promoted through the facebook page, however, the conversion of users liking the page to potential buyers will be limited. Thus, it is advisable for Bohlux to use pull marketing strategy and create product demand among UK customers on a gradual basis. 6. Conclusion The analysis of the marketing plan shows that although the leather goods market in UK had deteriorated during 2012-2014, however, the gradual increase in market share and revenue of luggage and leather sector in UK confirms the fact that Bohlux will be able to market and sell its products successfully. Within the marketing report the analysis of the leather goods industry of UK shows a positive trend in purchase of handbags and the SWOT analysis of Leather handbags confirms the fact that the company will be able to operate successfully in UK. Finally the report reveals that the marketer will select pull marketing strategy instead of push marketing strategy for making online promotion of the new product. 7. References Alaoui, M., Ezzine, M., Azzi, M. (2012). Applying the principles of sustainable development in the leather industry in Morocco: tannery case.International Journal Of Environment And Sustainable Development,11(2), 180. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesd.2012.049194 Armstrong, A. (2015).Mulberry profits collapse on lower bag sales.Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 29 December 2015, from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/11666874/Mulberry-profits-collapse-on-lower-bag-sales.html Baker, M. J. (2014). Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Bastien, V., Kapferer, J. N. (2013). More on Luxury anti-laws of Marketing. InLuxury Marketing(pp. 19-34). Gabler Verlag. Beldona, S., Lin, K., Yoo, J. (2012). The roles of personal innovativeness and push vs pull delivery methods in travel oriented location based marketing services.Journal Of Hospitality And Tourism Technology,3(2), 86-95. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17579881211248772 Bohlux.com,. (2015).Bohlux | About. Retrieved 29 December 2015, from https://bohlux.com/about.html Chaffey, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F., Chaffey, D. (2012).Digital marketing. Harlow: Pearson. Chiew, S. (2015).Home.Btaa.org.uk. Retrieved 29 December 2015, from https://www.btaa.org.uk Doughty, E. (2015).Facebook is the most popular social network for the over 50s.Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 29 December 2015, from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/goodlife/11751851/Facebook-is-the-most-popular-social-network-for-the-over-50s.html East, R., Wright, M., Vanhuele, M. (2013).Consumer behaviour: applications in marketing. Sage. Euromonitor.com,. (2015).Bags and luggage market research, market share, and trends analysis. Retrieved 29 December 2015, from https://www.euromonitor.com/bags-and-luggage Gonca Telli Yamamoto,. (2012). Leather and leather products industry in Turkey: Marketing developments.Afr. J. Bus. Manage.,6(3). https://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajbm11.1564 Gorp, T., Hoffmann, J., Coste-Manire, I. (2012). Brand Building: Luxury Leather Goods Brands Anatomized.Journal Of Global Fashion Marketing,3(3), 127-134. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20932685.2012.10593115 Hooley, G., Piercy, N., Nicoulaud, B. (2012).Marketing strategy competitive positioning. Harlow, England: Pearson Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Angwin, D., Regner, P., Scholes, K., Pyle, S. (2013).Exploring strategy: text and cases. Pearson. Jung Choo, H., Moon, H., Kim, H., Yoon, N. (2012). Luxury customer value.Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal,16(1), 81-101. Lamb, C., Hair, J., McDaniel, C. (2013).Marketing. Mason, OH: South-Western/Cengage Learning. Mitic, M., Kapoulas, A. (2012). Understanding the role of social media in bank marketing.Marketing Intelligence Planning,30(7), 668-686. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634501211273797 Mullen, B., Johnson, C. (2013).The psychology of consumer behavior. Psychology Press. Ons.gov.uk,. (2015).2011 Census: Population Estimates for the United Kingdom, 27 March 2011 - ONS. Retrieved 29 December 2015, from https://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/population-and-household-estimates-for-the-united-kingdom/stb-2011-census--population-estimates-for-the-united-kingdom.html Paul, H. L., Antunes, A. P. M., Covington, A. D., Evans, P., Phillips, P. S. (2013). Bangladeshi Leather Industry: An Overview of Recent Sustainable Developments.J. Soc. Leather Technol. Chem,97(1), 25-32. Pearson, D. (2013).20 Ps of Marketing. Kogan Page. Phau, I., Lee, S., Quintal, V. (2013). An investigation of push and pull motivations of visitors to private parks: The case of Araluen Botanic Park.Journal Of Vacation Marketing,19(3), 269-284. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766712471232 Pride, W., Ferrell, O. (2012).Marketing. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Sevitz, J., Brent, A., Fourie, A. (2012). AN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARISON OF PLASTIC AND PAPER CONSUMER CARRIER BAGS IN SOUTH AFRICA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE LOCAL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY.The South African Journal Of Industrial Engineering,14(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.7166/14-1-299 Shankar, V., Carpenter, G. (2012).Handbook of marketing strategy. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Pub. Solomon, M., Russell-Bennett, R., Previte, J. (2012).Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Statista,. (2015).UK Facebook users 2012-2018 | Statistic. Retrieved 29 December 2015, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/271349/facebook-users-in-the-united-kingdom-uk/). Stefan, D., Dima, R., Pantazi, M., Ferdes, M., Meghea, A. (2012). Identifying Microorganisms Able to Perform Biodegradation of Leather Industry Waste.Molecular Crystals And Liquid Crystals,556(1), 301-308. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2012.635983 Store.mintel.com,. (2015).Leather Goods UK a snapshot (2012) - Market size data - retail sales value - sales volume. Retrieved 29 December 2015, from https://store.mintel.com/leather-goods-in-uk-2012-market-sizes the Guardian,. (2002).UK luxury goods market grows. Retrieved 29 December 2015, from https://www.theguardian.com/money/2002/sep/04/1 Westwood, J. (2013).How to write a marketing plan. Philadelphia, Pa.: Kogan Page Ltd. W-Fowler, A. (2015).UK Leather Federation Health Safety Guidance.Ukleather.org. Retrieved 29 December 2015, from https://www.ukleather.org/regulations-guidance/health-and-safety.htm

2.0 Zulu Literature Answers Flashcard

2.0 Zulu: Literature Answers

When Cultures Collide - The Challenges of Global Integration

When Cultures Collide - The Challenges of Global Integration COMMUNICATION DECISIONS(promotion strategies)„ °Ã‚Æ' §indekiler22. Introduction 33. International Communication Decisions 33.1. International Communication Process 33.1.1. Seller/Buyer Initiative Shift 33.1.2. Elements of Internatonal Communication Process 33.1.3. Communication Barriers 83.2. Communication Tools 83.2.1. One-way Communication Tools 143.2.2. Two-way Communication Tools 173.2.3. Online Communication Tools 204. KaynakÂÆ' §a IntroductionCommunication is the final decision to be made about the global marketing programme. The role of communication in global marketing is similar to that in domestic operations: to communicate with customers so as to provide information that buyer need to make purchasing decisions. Although the communication mix carries information of interest to the customer, in the end of it is designed to persuade the customer to buy a product at present or in the future.To communicate with and influence the customers several tools are available. Advertising is usually the most visible component of the promotion mix, but personal selling, exhibitions, sales promotions, publicity and direct marketing.Figure 3One important consideration is whether to standardize worldwide or to adapt the promotion mix to the environment of each country.International Communication DecisionsInternational Communication ProcessIn considering the communication process we normally think about a manufacturer (sender) transmitting a message through any form of media to an identifiable target segment audience. Here the seller is the initiator of the communication process. However, if the seller and the buyer have already established a relationship it is likely that the initiative in the communication in the communication process will come from the buyer. If the buyer has a positive post-purchase experience with a given offering in one period of time this may dispose the buyer to rebuy on later occasions: that is, take initiatives in the form of making enquiries or placing orders.Seller/Buyer Initiative...

Analysing legal text (The case of Mark v. Mark ) Study

Analysing legal text (The of Mark v. Mark ) - Case Study Example Still, the question of whether the divorce should have gone through in Britain or in Nigeria was the initial problem, and the analysis presented below gives an overall summary of the situation. Since the couple was originally from Nigeria, and the wife had been spending the majority of her time in Britain and had decided not to return to her home in Nigeria, she filed for divorce in Britain. Her husband, however, did not agree with this, and moved for a stay, stating that the proceedings should be decided in Nigeria. The following provides an overview of this case, and what and why the British court decided the way it did. The two individuals involved in this case are from Nigeria, born in that country in 1948 and 1950 respectively. They were married by the law of the River State of Nigeria in 1979; the marriage at that time was considered valid and polygamous, since the husband had married at least two other wives prior to this one, and possibly two more after. Between this particular couple, there were four children, all born in the United Kingdom. All four children have been granted British citizenship. The husband in this particular case served in the Nigerian army, and became a General as well as becoming involved in the government following the military coup of 1983. During this time period, he was able to become quite wealthy. He was posted to Washington in 1990. The wife, on the other hand, had been a lawyer that had practiced in Nigeria. When her husband went to Washington, she proceeded to take classes at Queen Mary College in London, spending time either at school, in Nigeria, or with her h usband. She had obtained multiple entry visas and was able to come to Britain for up to six months at a time until March of 1997. Another coup occurred in November 1993, and the husband did not agree with the new ruler, General Abacha. Therefore, he left the army and decided to leave Nigeria for Britain. The couple then proceeded to establish a domestic home here. The husband was able to obtain a four year work permit that would allow him to remain in the country for that time. The wife was also allowed to stay for a longer period of time than her multiple entry visa originally allowed. After this, the husband was given indefinite leave to stay in Britain because of two of the children. The wife was out of the country, in Florida at the time, and was not included in this decision. When she wanted to return, she was allowed to enter for one day, but she stayed longer. This meant that she had become an over-stayer and was violating sections 24(1)(b) and 24A of the Immigration Act 1971. However, she was eventually granted indefinite leave, but only after the case between she and her husband had started. In June 1998, General Abacha died, so the husband came back to Nigeria to once again pursue politics. He eventually became a Senator in the Upper House of the Nigerian Parliament. However, he still made trips to Britain so that he could visit his wife and children. However, as time passed, the wife in this case gave up hope of coming back to her home country as the most important wife to the husband, and therefore decided to stay in Britain. The wife then issued a divorce petition on July 17, 2000. When she did that, she only focused on her current residence in Britain to discover the court jurisdiction; this was later fixed to add a claim

The role of Design and Technology in the curriculum Essay

The role of Design and Technology in the curriculum - Essay Example This model has spread to other countries like Australia, America, South Africa, and many more. The module for this subject is broken into segments according to the age of the pupils. This subject has historically developed along the development of UK schools curriculum. The program had been implemented in the curriculum since the enactment of the Education Reform Act of 19898 which saw the government gain more control of what is taught in the curriculum. This was aimed at ensuring the education system became more focused ton the needs of the society and that it produced competent individual who could address these needs by the society. It has slowly been integrated in the curriculum to address the changing need in the technology world as well as the changing needs of educations in order to respond with the demands in the society. At all levels of development, design and technology has responded to various changes that had to be made in the curriculum in order to fit the changing the world. The aim of any education curriculum should be to prepare the student for their later life not only in what they learn but also in other matters of life affecting them. This is usually achieved by integration of different spheres of education in one curriculum in order to address the different spheres of life. The British National Curriculum has been designed to address these various spheres for human development. Growth in technology is currently one of the most important spheres of development in the history of humankind development. To address this need, the British Curriculum has integrated various subjects in the curriculum. The subjects that address the technological sphere of human development comprise design and technology. (Department of Education, 1990) The curriculum has been designed to achieve some very needs of an education program. It is designed to meet some basic

Negotiation in Management Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Negotiation in Management Decision Making Essay Having been approached by The Director of the Cowley Council Council (CCC) regarding an industrial dispute with their refuse collectors, a report has been prepared to give insight into the field of negotiation and aid the council in their talks with the refuse collectors. The dispute is primarily concerned with CCC’s plans to change working practices but there are also a number of other issues regarding pay, shift patterns and recent cuts in the training budget and expenses. The refuse collectors are threatening to go on strike if their demands are not met, an action that the council would undoubtedly like to avoid. According to Rubin and Brown (1975), negotiation refers to a process in which individuals work together to formulate agreements regarding an issue or issues in dispute. An agreement will only occur if the offers made are accepted by both of the parties (Neale Northcraft 1991) and should lead to order and stability, foster social harmony, increase feelings of self-efficacy, reduce the probability of future conflict, and stimulate economic prosperity (Rubin et al 1994). Getting the negotiation game right is ever important for managers â€Å"as the global economy expands, as the service sector grows, as corporate restructuring continues and as employees continue to be concerned with managing their own careers† (Neale and Bazerman 1992: 3). The initial stages of the report will cover theory and research on the decision-analytic approach to negotiation and discuss its relevance and potential use for CCC regarding its dispute with the Cowley refuse collectors. I will then identify potential biases and pitfalls that can act as barriers to effective negotiation that CCC should try to avoid. Finally I will conclude and outline suggested proposals for CCC to consider with the aim of assisting and improving their negotiations with the refuse collectors. The decision-analytic approach to decision making is a more pragmatic alternative to the dominant psychological and economic perspectives, which contain a number of limitations. The individual-attribute literature fails to measure dispositions adequately, the situational literature does not consider the importance of the negotiator’s perceptions in interpreting situational characteristics (Neale and Bazerman 1991: 20) and the game theory unrealistically assumes â€Å"impeccably rational, supersmart people† (Raiffa 1982, 2001). What differentiates the decision-analytic approach is its focus on â€Å"how erring folks like you and me actually behave† rather than on how we would behave if we were â€Å"smarter, thought harder, were more consistent, were all knowing† (Raiffa, 1982: 21). Previous psychological and economic approaches have focused on describing how people make decisions or prescribing how to improve decision making. However, â€Å"very little interaction has occurred between the descriptive and prescriptive camps† (Neale and Bazerman 1991: 20), and it is Raiffa’s (1982) avocation of an â€Å"asymmetrical† prescriptive/descriptive relationship that makes the decision-analytic approach stand out, â€Å"creating a prescriptive need to descriptively understand how negotiators actually make decisions† (Bazerman et al 2001). Many scholars hold the view that the prescriptions gained from this model are more valuable than those offered by more traditional approaches (Lax and Sebenius 1986). Raiffa’s framework for approaching effective negotiations distinguishes three sets of information, a combination of which determines the structure of the negotiation game: each parties alternative to a negotiated agreement, each parties set of interests, and the relative importance of each parties interests. â€Å"To develop agreement, people need to get a good understanding of their own preferences and priorities, to communicate those to their counterpart, and to integrate information about other’s preferences and priorities into their own understanding of the problem at hand† (De Dreu et al 2000). Before CCC enter into any negotiations with the refuse collectors, it is imperative to determine a Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA), â€Å"the standard against which any proposed agreement should be  measured† (Fisher, and Ury 1981). Negotiations can be greatly improved by identifying a BATNA and â€Å"carefully evaluating the negotiated agreement against that alternative† (Ertel 1999). This helps negotiators fix a reservation point, a lower bound, which is crucial to monitor throughout the negotiation. Agreements that provide more value than the BATNA are preferred over impasse; likewise any agreements that provide less than the BATNA should be rejected. A potential BATNA for CCC would be to look into other refuse collection companies opening up the possibility of privatisation. The privatisation of refuse collection is a serious consideration in many areas of the UK and a â€Å"major debating point for the city council† (Birmingham Mail 2013) in Birmingham. Waste Concern, a private refuse collection company, claims that 17% of council tax goes towards refuse collection and that privatisation would lead to a cheaper, more frequent collection service, and a more efficient recycling system (edieWaste 2010). If CCC values the current refuse collectors, despite the current dispute, and they are reluctant to consider such an ultimatum, they could consider a more strategic change by introducing the proposed changes incrementally, or by altering the amount of changes being made. It is crucial for negotiators to understand each party’s key interests and how they align (Reardon 2005 : 28). Fisher and Ury (1981) emphasize the importance of the distinction between a parties’ position, and their interests, with a position being the stated requirement that a party demands from the other side, whist an interest is the underlying desire of the negotiator and the motives for their position. It can however be difficult to understand ones interests and those of the other party. CCC’s primary interests are increasing productivity and decreasing costs, whilst the refuse collectors’ interests are concerned with their financial rewards. It is however important to try and understand all of the parties’ interests. The Personnel Director may be under pressure to cut costs in order to stick to a budget so her personal interests may have more focus on performing her job in order to maintain it. The interests of the refuse collectors also concern HR aspects such as, work life balance and training and development. These interests are motives behind the position of their threat of strike, and further scrutiny may offer CCC potential areas to focus on during negotiation. Focussing on deeper interests can provide a more reasonable bargaining platform and a creative and practical solution to a negotiation. Once the interests of each party have been established, it is important for negotiators to try and value the relative importance of each party’s interests. This then allows the parties to effectively trade-off less important issues to gain more important issues. If CCC can establish that, for example, the refuse collectors desire a better work life balance as well as sufficient financial benefits, there may be potential for a medium ground to be reached offering a certain amount of each. The importance of interests often comes down to economic factors, thus job security is frequent consideration. In this instance the job security of the refuse collectors is at risk as there is a chance of redundancies if they do not cooperate. This information provides â€Å"the building blocks for thinking analytically about a negotiation† (Bazerman and Moore 2009:154) and prepares the parties for the two primary tasks of negotiation: creating and claiming value (Lax and Sebenius 1986). It is crucial for negotiators to establish the reservation points of both parties. That is the worst possible outcome they will accept before a negotiation is impasse. With both reservation points established, a positive bargaining zone is created, which allows negotiators to â€Å"aim for a resolution that is barely acceptable to the other party† (Bazerman and Moore 2009: 156) by getting as close to their reservation point as possible. It is however, also vital for both parties to try and cooperate in creating value in the negotiation, as there is often â€Å"opportunity to considerably enlarge the pie before cutting it into shares for each side to enjoy† (Raiffa 2002: 91). Lax and Sebenius (1986) stress that differences must be seen as opportunities, as opposed to barriers, that can be explored to find the most efficient solution rather than just ‘satisficing’ (Simon 1956). According to Schmidt and Tannenbaum (1960) â€Å"differences can help to increase the range and variety of alternatives suggested† and even potentially â€Å"enrich ones own goals, ideas, and methods. † So CCC must capitalise on the differences in the party preferences (Pruitt 1983) by evaluating the  position of the refuse collectors, and looking into finer detail at the interests behind these positions, before attempting to develop â€Å"novel alternatives† through â€Å"creative problem solving† (Neale and Bazerman 1991: 24). Negotiation then depends fundamentally on parties’ ability to trade issues against each other (Froman Cohen 1970) and â€Å"place demands and formulate concessions to foster agreements that meet their own goals, while avoiding that the counterpart leaves the situation† (De Dreu et al 2000). CCC could for example offer certain alternative benefits to the refuse collectors if the changes are implemented. Perhaps an investment in more efficient equipment and machinery would be appealing. There are certain tools that negotiators can use in order to aid their efforts in collecting information and subsequently increase the probability of creating value. It is certainly the case that deception is often used in negotiation (Schweitzer 1997) and can be an effective strategy for increasing one’s own outcomes (O’Connor and Carnevale 1997). However in this instance, both parties must also note that building trust and initiating a â€Å"free flow of information is critical to finding and integrative agreement† (Johns and Saks 2011)). In heated negotiations this is far easier said than done, as neither side wants to give away too much information on their stance on particular issues. However, CCC is in the position to try and create a trustworthy relationship in order to improve their informational position. The director could inform the refuse collectors of the councils’ pressures and financial limitations that are the driving factor behind the need to change the working practices and make cuts. If no suitable solution is agreed upon, then there may have to be redundancies, as the council cannot overspend. Another tactic could be to strategically disclose some information. As behaviours in negotiation are often reciprocated (Lewicki and Litterer 1985), this may prompt the refuse collectors to open up and start revealing information which may facilitate the negotiation process. CCC must also ask a lot of questions to increase the chances of ascertaining critical information. According to Bazerman and Moore (2009: 162) â€Å"asking questions and listening actively are the keys to collecting important new information from the other side† but it also important for negotiators to remember that information can be gained from what is not said, as well as  what is said. An alternative to trading issues would be for CCC to arrange some kind of contingency contract to verify weather their plans to change working practices is fair or weather it is being rightly disputed by the refuse collectors. CCC could assess a weeks worth of collection rounds and together with the refuse collectors, formulate weekly targets in terms of time and productivity. A weeks trial on this type of contingency contract could easily establish weather CCC’s planned changes are justifiable or not. There are a number of ways in which contingent contracts can benefit the outcomes to negotiations as outlined by Bazerman and Gillespie (1999). Firstly organising the implementation of a contingency contract can identify bluffs by insincere parties. This will aid CCC initially with regard to their uncertainties over issues such as the number of staff needed on each collection round, shift patterns and pay. Contingency contracts are also a useful tool in incentivising performance. It may provide more motivation for the refuse collectors to start working at or above the levels specified in the contract.

Transitions Of Reptiles To Mammals Essays -- essays research papers

Transitions of Reptiles to Mammals A long long time ago, in a galaxy not too far away, was a little blue planet called Earth, and on this world not a single mammal lived. However a lot of time has past since then and we now have lots of furry creatures that are collectively called mammals. How did they get their? Where did they come from? These are the kinds of questions that led me to my subject of choice. I will endeavor to provide examples, using specific transitional fossils, to show that mammals have evolved from a group of reptiles and were simply not placed here by unknown forces. Before I begin, I would like to define some terms so that nobody gets left in the dust. The term transitional fossil can be used in conjunction with the term general lineage, together they help explain the how one species became another. "General lineage": This is a sequence of similar genera or families, linking an older to a very different younger group. Each step in the sequence consists of some fossils that represent certain genus or family, and the whole sequence often covers a span of tens of millions of years. A lineage like this shows obvious intermediates for every major structural change, and the fossils occur roughly (but often not exactly) in the expected order. However, usually there are still gaps between each of the groups. Sometimes the individual specimens are not thought to be directly ancestral to the next-youngest fossils (e.g. they may be "cousins"" or "uncles" rather than "parents"). However they are assumed to be closely related to the actual ancestor, since the have similar intermediate characteristics. Where Does It All Begin ? Mammals were derived during the Triassic Period ((from 245 to 208 million years ago) It began with relatively warm and wet conditions, but as it progressed conditions became increasingly hot and dry.) from members of the reptilian order Therapsida. The therapsids, members of the subclass Synapsida (sometimes called the mammal-like reptiles),generally were unimpressive in relation to other reptiles of their time. Synapsids were present in the Carboniferous Period (about 280 to 345 million years ago) and are one of the earliest known reptilian groups. Although therapsids were primarily p... ...ng the origin of major new adaptive types. To simplify definitions and to allow the strict delimitation of the Mammalia, some authors have suggested basing the boundary on a single character, the articulation of the jaw between the dentary and squamosal bones and the attendent movement of accessory jaw bones to the middle ear as auditory ossicles. The use of a single character allows the placement in a logical classification of numerous fossil species, other mammalian. characters of which, such as the degree of endothermy and nursing of young and the condition of the internal organs, probably never will be evaluated. It must be recognized, however, that if the advanced therapsids were alive today, taxonomists would be hard-put to decide which to place in the Reptilia and which in the Mammalia. References Carroll, R. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W.H. Freeman and Co., New York Gingerich, P.D. 1977. Patterns of Evolution in the Mammalian Fossil Record. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co. Gingerich, P.D. 1985. Species in the Fossil Record: Concepts, Trends, and Transitions. Paleobiology. Rowe, T. 1988. Definition, Diagnosis, and Origin of Mammalia. J. Vert. Paleontology.

Churches do to become a better reflection of Christianity

We must acknowledge that as a church, we need to become better. Unless we admit that we need to improve, we will never strive to be a better reflection of Christianity. As a church, we should help each other point out what is causing our weaknesses and shortcomings in unity and in humility. Never be content. Seek for improvement on a regular basis. As a diverse group with collective beliefs, how can we work as united Christians? What can we do to be a better brother or sister to our fellow church members? How can we help our neighbors? What can we do for our community?How can we show non-believers that the Christian life Is the life they should follow? How can we be a better reflection of our church and of Christianity? These are some questions that we should ask together and seek the answers, together. When outsiders and non-believers see that we are united, they too shall witness God's love that binds us Christians as one big church, one big family. ) â€Å"Sadly, without the atmo sphere of revival, many Christians lapse into something inferior to the Christian norm. Christian culture declines. (Towns, peg 131) Towns pointed out that with the absence of the atmosphere of revival, Christians fall out of the Christian path. My question is: why must revival end? This is a common mistake most churches do. As soon as the mission was fulfilled, we walk away thinking that what we had started/had Just revived will flourish on its own. My challenge, therefore, is continuous revival. Pursue revival not only to the outsiders, non-believers and the nest that have left the Christian path, but also within the people of our church.When a farmer plants his crops, he does not leave it to tend on its own, he will continue visiting his crops, trim the weeds that surround it, water the plants, and make sure that it has what it needs to grow and thrive. We are like the farmer, and our church is our crop, we are responsible for the growth and progress of our Christian community. W e should never cease reviving our church or our community. If we keep that light burning, we will be able to keep our church inspired in working together to be better Christians and followers of Jesus Christ.

The Tragedy of Hamlet by William Shakesperare - 977 Words

â€Å"The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark†, shortened to â€Å"Hamlet†, written by William Shakespeare dramatizes the revenge Prince Hamlet is instructed by his father, King Hamlet, to execute on his uncle Claudius, who murdered the king. Not only did he kill Hamlet’s father but then succeeded to the throne and took the murdered king’s wife, Gertrude, to be his own. Shakespeare uses Hamlet’s major soliloquies to depict a close to clear picture of Hamlet’s true character. He gives us many soliloquies, generally centered around the emptiness of his existence, suicide, death, suffering, and fear of what is beyond the human race after dying. The journey of reading one soliloquy after another guided the audience to not only sympathize with Hamlet, but also reveal his one tragic flaw and his struggle to overcome it. Hamlet’s struggle throughout the play to bring everyone to justice and avenge his father only occurs because of his inconc lusiveness. Because of the major soliloquies in Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet†, the reader is able to sympathize with this dramatic character throughout his heart- rending development and understand his character from a different perspective keeping in mind his good attributes and tragic flaw. In his first soliloquy, it is apparent that Hamlet is very distressed about a few things. Hamlet begins his first soliloquy in a very depressed manor by saying,† O, that this too too sullied flesh would melt†¦But break, my heart; for I must hold my tongue.† (Shakespeare,